SPECIAL_PEAU

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The average thickness of the skin is less than 2 mm. Flexible, waterproof and durable, it is constantly renewing itself, repairs itself in case of injury, prevents microbial invasions, produced nails, hair and hair. It is also the organ of TOUCH. Despite its thinness, it is divided into three formations that are superimposed from outside to inside:

The principal protective function of the skin, is ensured by the layer of dead cells which forms the outer layer of the epidermis. Each cell produced by the basal layer of the epidermis, rises to the surface. Along the way, its cytoplasm becomes sulfur-rich fibrous protein, KERATIN, and the cell dies. Sweat secreted by the SWEAT GLANDS, helps cool the skin by evaporation. Sweat feeds certain types of bacteria and fungi living on the surface of the skin. These micro-organisms produce acid waste, such as LACTIC ACID, which reduce the pH of the surface of the skin, creating an environment in which the acidity discourages the establishment of pathogenic bacteria:

In the dermis layer always, there are other glands whose missions are equally importantes.Les SEBACEOUS GLAND for example, which secrete an oily liquid: the SEBUM, they flow into a hair follicle. It spreads over the hair and the skin surface, by forming an impermeable film. The congestion of the sebaceous glands can cause inflammation, forming BLACKHEADS and PUSTULES.

The color of the skin depends on the amount of MELANIN (dark brown pigment), which is concentrated there. Melanin is produced by cells of the epidermis, the MELANOCYTES, which diffuse into other cells around them. Present in all parts of the body, melanocytes are particularly abondantsvau level of the external genitalia, nipples, anal and around the armpits. Melanin is also responsible for the color of our hair and our eyes!

The sunlight stimulates the production of melanin: the SUNTAN! The tan protects us from ultraviolet (UV). If UV can play a useful role in small doses, excessive doses they have a destructive effect on the genetic material of the nucleus of our cells.