APPAREIL_DIGESTIF

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By the number of organs it involves, and the complexity of the mission is his, the digestive system is undoubtedly the most perfect of the Human Body, I do not assume that it is me saying very sensitive! Salivary glands through the esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, etc., the digestive function is very complex. Here is an overview of this unit a view:

The digestive system is powered by a very large and complex bloodstream. If one of the component organs is poorly drained, this is the system that is disturbed. By interaction phenomenon well known chain reactions lead to malfunction of this product, often with grave consequences on the balance of metabolism. Here is an overview of the arteries, veins or other arcades, responsible for maintaining blood flow to his best:

1 = Inferior vena cava * 2 = Hepatic veins * 3 = the liver * 4 = hepatic artery * 5 = Pyloric artery and vein * 6 = vein door * 7 = Gastroduodenal artery * 17 = Diaphragmatic vein lower left * 18 = Stomachic coronary artery and vein * 19 = stomach * 20 = shorter veins * 21 = spleen * 22 = Splenic artery and vein * 23 = pancreas * 24 = Gastroepiploic artery and vein

8 = Duodenum * 9 = Superior mesenteric artery and vein * 10 = Colic artery and vein superior straight * 11 = ascending colon * 12 = Ileocecal COECO Colo-appendicular artery * 13 = Arterial and venous arcades jejuno-ileal * 14 = cecum * 15 = cecal appendix * 16 = Small Intestine (Ileum) * 25 = Transverse colon * 26 = Inferior mesenteric artery and vein * 27 = Colic artery and vein upper left * 28 = arcades parietal * 29 = descending colon * 30 = Small Intestine (jejunum) * 31 = sigmoid arteries * 32 = Sigmoid colon * 33 = Rectum * 34 = hemorrhoidal vein

Food provides our bodies, necessary for its operation and development materials. Between the time we eat foods and the elimination of waste, a real alchemy happens. The objective is to bring the body functions, the possibility of existence with sufficient energy. The main generator of this energy is GLUCOSE:

The process is very large and complex, between the release of glucose (cellular respiration), and absorption by the body's functions. It requires the presence of oxygen and occurs inside cells. Glucose is therefore an essential foods. These are generally in the form of giant organic molecules or MACROMOLECULES, themselves made up of a large number of molecular subunits, such as glucose, associated with the complex connections. Thus, CARBOHYDRATES (Carbohydrates), such as starch, are Polysaccharides (Several sugar molecules).

Proteins are composed of a large number of subunits: the amino acids. Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids of which there are some twenty different types in our food:

Vitamins are small molecules essential for the proper functioning of the body. But it can not synthesize itself and must obtain them through their diet. There are more than twenty. Among these vitamins, vitamin C is essential for the growth and health of connective tissue, bones, teeth and wound healing:

Amino acids are the materials that make up all the tissues in our body, according to the instructions they receive from the DNA of cells. Fats finally (Lipids) are combinations of glycerol and saturated fatty acids (animal fats) and unsaturated fatty acids (vegetable oil). They are vital to the organism, the same basis as carbohydrates or vitamins. They constitute with Mineral Salts, major elements of the food chain:

It is held in the mouth as the first part of the digestive process. The largest part of our digestive system beyond our control. The first responders are the lips, which capture the food and are penetrate into the mouth. The food is then shredded by the teeth. Saliva (watery secretion of the salivary glands), is produced in large quantities when there is some food in the mouth. It lubricates to facilitate swallowing food and contains an enzyme The AMYLASE contributing to chemical degradation of the starch.

Follow me now to the projection of food to the stomach ... Wipe your feet before entering the mouth -)) Especially brace yourself by putting you "in the language" ... Immediately, all the food is: FOOD BOL:

We continue our "descent into hell" ... We come to the second stage of swallowing. Language rises and pushes further the food bowl while the hard palate obstructs the nasal cavity to prevent food enters the nose. The food is then in PHARYNX that connects the mouth to ESOPHAGUS:

The combination of language and the muscular walls of the pharynx action compresses the bolus and leads to the entrance of the esophagus. Simultaneously, the epiglottis falls on the entrance to the trachea to prevent food can enter:

If we "swallow wrong" (hole Sunday) is that the food bowl is not sufficiently homogeneous (lack of chewing), or we eat too quickly! Entering the fourth phase of swallowing, he now enters the esophagus:

Under ultimate flare tongue and pharynx, the bolus passes the epiglottis and into the esophagus, before going to STOMACH, as the complementary action of other muscle contractions called peristalsis. It is these contractions that allow us to be able to eat upside down! If you hear a big "plouf" on arrival ... stop the plonk -))

We are now in the stomach after crossing the CARDIA. Whose mission is to prevent acid reflux, obstructing the base of the esophagus. Precisely because the stomach must knead foods, he need a very powerful juice (which contains hydrochloric acid in particular), produced by his own DIGESTIVE GLAND. Fortunately, the body is well made and protects the stomach from hyperacidity. It has mucous glands that secrete MUCUS lining the partitions of the stomach:

The role of hydrochloric acid in gastric juices, is to destroy harmful micro-organisms in food acid. Gastric juices also contain two enzymes: PEPSIN that breaks down proteins, and Lipase involved in the management of fat. They possess a protein that allows the absorption of vitamin B12. After being subjected to several hours of a powerful mixing and action of gastric juices, foods are partially digested chyme. It is expelled through a sphincter, the pylorus in the upper part of the small intestine duodenum.

There, the digestive process continues as a result of secretions THE PANCREAS and GALL BLADDER.

First and foremost, the pancreas must secrete digestive enzymes and alkaline substances, which contain bicarbonate, whose role is to neutralize the acidity of the chyme. These substances also contain the enzymes involved in the processing and digestion of dietary components, involved in the modification of carbohydrates and proteins.

In the case of fats, as they are not water-soluble, enzymes can not directly transform. This is that the bile occurs. Secreted by the LIVER ... :

... which makes it take 90% of its water. Influx into the duodenum by the bile duct, bile emulsifies fats into tiny droplets. They remain suspended in the water content of the intestines where enzymes can then separate them.

At this stage, we can say that the first part of digestion is accomplished. But the role of the digestive system, is not limited to this metamorphosis foods. Because, by definition, is in charge of absorbing the elements that nourish us. In fact, it is easier to understand the full cycle is divided into three phases:

The small intestine has three parts: the DUODENUM where does most of the digestion, the jejunum and the third part: ILEUM where does most of the absorption.

It is here, between the jejunum and ileum to place most of ABSORPTION. Digested food (Chyme) spend between one and six hours in the small intestine (average 2:00). The increase is provided by PERISTALTIC muscle movements of the intestinal wall:

The absorption of nutrients by the Blood and Lymphatic Vaisseaux of these walls is facilitated by the particular structure of the intestinal lining. The wrinkled surface of the intestinal wall is increased by millions of threadlike projections, which multiply by 600 the initial surface: the villi. These villi are the vertices of recesses: the ENCRYPTED:

If the intestinal wall was smooth and not wrinkled, its length is 3.6 km instead of 6 meters! Foods, such as sugars and amino acids seep through the epithelial cells in the capillaries of the blood to be distributed to the rest of the body.

Remains the ultimate, smaller than the other stage, although sometimes it is not devoid of humor: THE ELIMINATION! Chyme leaves the small intestine and enters the cecum:

The duration of the transit of up to 14 h in the Large Intestine. It is here that water Chyme is reabsorbed, leaving the substance solidified materials: the SELLES, which are composed of indigestible remains, mainly composed of fibers, and bacteria. The bacteria are about them, only 30% of the weight of stool. They accumulate in the end portion of the descending colon, rectal area, from where they are discharged from the anus during defecation.

Among the problems encountered in the intestines, the polyp is more frequent. This benign tumor that develops in the lining of the cavities is easily removed during a COLONOSCOPY. The incision is absolutely painless, I confirm! ;-)) After fifty years, as I did, control eliminates polyps, which gradually may take on the appearance of cancerous tumors. The polyp is clearly visible in white in the center of the photo: