APPAREIL_RESPIRATOIRE

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In the lungs, the inhaled air loses its oxygen, which passes into the bloodstream and enriches cells. Conversely, carbon dioxide whose blood has cleared cells, is dismissed with exhaled air. We can control these respiratory movements, but most of the time, they are automatically coordinated by the nervous system.

INTERNAL BREATHING: The cells collect oxygen belongs to them by blood and oxidize organic complexes: CARBS, FAT, PROTEIN. Oxidative process may be accompanied by oxygen binding: it is a REACTIVE AEROBIC.

EXTERNAL RESPIRATION: The necessary internal breathing oxygen, is inspired with the air through the lungs. The alveoli, it diffuses into blood. The carbon dioxide produced by the internal respiration, in turn is released into the breathing air in the alveoli. These are the Respiratory organs that serve external respiration.

A) Septic Nasal and Pharynx: Their function is smell, odor reception, warming, humidifying and air purifying respirator.

B) The Larynx: Located between the nasal cavity and the lower respiratory tract:

The function of the larynx, is to enable and facilitate the passage of respiratory air. Body voice. It protects the lower respiratory tract by the cough reflex (Coughs).

At the lower end of the trachea, the air passes through both BRONCHI MAIN, who are entering the lungs. Each bronchus divides into several smaller ones, the BRONCHI lobar, from which a multitude of ramifications finer, bronchioles. These result in PULMONARY ALVEOLI, tiny pockets where gas exchange between air and blood:

The cells whose total number is about 700 million, are the largest part of the Lung Tissue: they represent an area of approximately 200 m2 through which gas exchange takes place. Between the cells, there is a NETWORK CAPILLARY BRANCHED. It is in these capillaries, which are made exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide:

... while the left has not only two, leaving room for the heart. Each lobe is divided into SEGMENTS, themselves composed of lobules:

13 = apical segment * 14 = dorsal segment * 15 = Segment NELSON * 16 = Segment termino-basal * 17 = Segment latéro-basal * 18 = Segment ventro-basal * 19 = Segment ventral * 20 = Segment latéral * 21 = Segment médian * 22 = Segment paracardiaque * 27 = Segment apical * 28 = Segment ventral * 29 = Segment crânial * 30 = Segment caudal * 31 = Segment paracardiaque * 32 = Segment ventro-basal * 33 = Segment dorsal * 34 = Segment de NELSON * 35 = Segment termino-basal * 36 = Segment latéro-basal

The average weight of the right lung is 625 g, the left 565 g. Total lung surface is about 60 to 70 square meters. The normal respiratory rate is 16 breaths per minute to a maximum of 300 liters / minute (Adult) in the resting state, the volume of 8 liters / minute only.

Muscles control the expansion of the rib cage and diaphragm membrane muscle contracts:

By lowering the diaphragm allows the lungs to fill with air. Then the chest contracts, and the diaphragm relaxes when lifting. These two movements are INSPIRED and EXPIRY:

Many other muscles following spoke in the breathing process, as the intercostal muscles, by contracting, raise the ribs. Air is composed of 78% nitrogen (N2), 21% oxygen (O2), and 1% anhydride (CO2). With each breath we inhale 21% oxygen for approximately 0.04% CO2, at the expiration, we reject 16% O2 and 4% CO2:

Major disruptions that may be encountered are numerous. At the forefront of these, EMPHYSEMA is the most delicate and irreversible away. However, in recent years, thanks to a technique developed by American scientists, the effects are partially reduced with the installation of VALVES ENDOBRONCHIAL, as I had the chance to benefit in October 2012. The extracts of the intervention submitted by the surgeon who operated on me, were collected in the form of clip in the dossier on emphysema.