APPAREIL_URINAIRE

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Our body has to eliminate all kinds of waste, regardless of the source. One of the vital processes in our body, the release of energy by the cells produces waste into water and carbon dioxide. The water is removed by sweating, exhaling, urine and stool. Some toxic waste is neutralized by the liver before being eliminated. This is for example the case of ammonium salts, (whose production results in the process of deterioration of proteins), which are transformed into a less dangerous substance: UREA, removed in the urine.

1 = Inferior vena cava * 2 = Right adrenal capsule * 3 = Right kidney (coronal section) * 4 = chalices * 5 = Bassinet * 6 = Pyramids of Malpighi * 7 = spermatic arteries * 8 = right ureter * 9 = Iliac artery and vein * 10 = Middle sacral artery * 11 = Diaphragmatic artery below * 12 = celiac trunk * 13 = Left suprarenal capsule * 14 = Left kidney (external view) * 15 = Left renal artery * 16 = Left renal vein * 17 = Superior mesenteric artery * 18 = aorta * 19 = Quadratus lumborum muscle * 20 = psoas muscle * 21 = iliac crest * 22 = iliac muscle * 23 = Inferior mesenteric artery * 24 = hypogastric artery * 25 = Rectum * 26 = bladder

26 = bladder * 27 = pubic bone * 28 = Prostate * 29 = Verge * 30 = navicular fossa * 31 = urinary meatus * 32 = urethra * 33 = vagina * 34 = uterus

By definition, we can say that the Urinary System involves the functions and major organs of the body such as the liver and kidneys. Water makes up 60% of our body weight. Every cell in our body contains water and immersed in water. It is also water that transports substances that our cells need to live and carry out their duties. It is therefore essential for our health, the overall volume of all liquid and concentrations of materials therein solution, maintain perfect stability at all times.

Our body contains only 40% solids: the rest is water, about 40 liters in an average-sized adult. Two thirds of the water are within the cells (intracellular fluid). The rest is divided into different types of body fluids, including, INTERSTITIAL fluid that surrounds the cells, LYMPH, which flows through the lymphatic vessels, blood PLASMA and SPINAL FLUID liquid that bathes the brain and spinal cord .

The REINS play a key role in all physiological mechanisms that maintain the water balance in our bodies. In proportion to their size, the kidneys receive blood from the heart more than any other organ. Here are some figures:

It is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue that separates it from other abdominal organs. It is abundantly irrigated by the renal artery which maintains its tissues but also provides his blood pressure which it provides filtration. Once the blood has been stripped of its waste, it leaves the kidney through the renal vein:

The inside of the peripheral portion comprises a kidney, cortex, and a central portion, the medullary:

The filter structures are in the cortex, as well as structures of reabsorption, which extend into the medullary:

Each kidney contains over a million tiny filtering units: the nephrons, whose overall activity produces about 1.5 liters of urine per day. In each nephron, the process that contributes to the production of urine is provided by a relatively complex structure. Blood pressure from a renal arteries enters a nephron by glomeruli, so hair entangled ball of:

Blood plasma is filtered through the walls of the capillaries and the inner lining of the CAPSULE BOWMAN, which surrounds the glomerulus:

Water and dissolved substances (such as glucose and sodium) that make up the plasma, pass the glomerulus in the Bowman's capsule and there in the TUBE COLLECTOR or tubule of the nephron. The vast majority of substances useful to the body, such as glucose, are reintroduced into the plasma by capillary network, which surrounds the walls of the tubule:

The process of reabsorption occurs in several ways: by PASSIVE RELEASE (attraction of molecules) by OSMOSIS (water through a semi-permeable membrane, to move from a weak solution to a strong solution), and TRANSFER ASSETS of molecules across the membrane of the tubules. In the end, all that remains in the tubule is URINE, a mixture of wastes such as urea, salts and water.

Small collecting ducts of urine merge into the medulla, where they lead to CHALICES, which together form the BASSINET leading to the ureter:

The urine produced by each kidney is conveyed to the URINARY BLADDER where it accumulates temporarily. Then it is removed from the bladder through the channel URETHRA in urination:

In twenty-four hours, the kidneys filter 150 liters of water they return 99% in blood. Reabsorption of salt and water is dependent on a particularly complex HORMONAL SYSTEM. It is relatively stable, but it can however be modified according to the needs of the organization. Thus, if DEHYDRATION under the effect of high heat, hormonal control increases the reintroduction of water into the blood, so the urine contains less!

On 50 g of urea daily filtered by the kidneys, almost half is excreted in the urine. Blood contains many other soluble substances, which all pass through the kidneys. Each is either returned to the blood or excreted in the urine. Glucose is completely reabsorbed in general, except in the case of a disease like DIABETES, which causes a partial loss of the sugar. Kidney function as both a treatment plant and as a recycling center.