CELLULES

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Cellular Respiration, during which occurred a vital energy takes place in three stages: * Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transfer *.

Every cell in the body works like a microscopic chemical factory which perform specific and vital tasks. The basic structure of a cell, is a mass of viscous material, surrounded by a cell membrane which gives form and cohesion, the whole mass, consisting for 3/4 water to 1/4 of nutrients, is called: THE CYTOPLASM.

At the center of the cytoplasm NUCLEUS, which controls all activities of the cell. It contains 46 chromosomes carrying the DNA molecules, which ensure the transmission of hereditary traits from one generation to another:

1 = Centriole * 2 = Cytoplasm * 3 = Mitochondria * 4 = Microtubule * 5 = core * 6 = endoplasmic reticulum * 7 = Golgi apparatus * 8 = Lysosome * 9 = gallbladder

Their shapes vary: cylindrical, spherical, spindle-shaped, elongated or multipolar. They are structured internally by different kinds of rods and fibers, which are the main: MICROTUBULE.

In the cytoplasm also bathe ORGANELLES, which are specialized "workshops" of cellular activity. Some manufacture or store substances that the cell needs: protein, fat, carbohydrates and minerals.

Others produce energy, such as MITOCHONDRIA whose main function is to convert the potential energy of nutrients such as glucose, ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy molecule of the body:

The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth. That of the interior form of numerous folds or ridges. The surface of these peaks is dotted with thousands of microscopic protrusions, which are enzymes. They trigger the production of ATP in contact with a carrier of a phosphate ion molecule of ADP (adenosine diphosphate).

Between each cell (interstitial spaces) of blood and lymphatic vessels, circulate a large amount of water in which are dissolved substances necessary for metabolism. This water represents 60% of body weight approximately. The combination of multiple cells of the same type or not, having the same function is called: FABRICS. The fabrics used as material for training and ORGAN SYSTEMS.

The adult body is composed of approximately 50 billion cells. Almost all have the same set of genes, with the exception of sex cells (eggs and sperm). These are equipped with only half the normal lot of genes. These are the smaller independent and viable body parts. Their dimensions vary thousandth of a millimeter to several millimeters.